Un-Herd Facts about Biltmore Agriculture Posted on August 7, 2024 at 8:00 am.Written by Karina Hux Did you know there’s a wilder side to Biltmore Estate—one that has served as the foundation of our farming heritage since the beginning? We caught up with Kyle Mayberry, Director of Agriculture, and Kimber Jones, Environmental Programs Coordinator, to fill us in on some fascinating facts about Biltmore’s agricultural programs. Archival estate view of farm village. 1. We are deeply rooted in history “In 1889, George Vanderbilt and Frederick Law Olmsted, the estate’s landscape architect, shared a vision of blending agriculture with sustainability and innovation,” said Kimber Jones. “They wanted to supply Biltmore Estate with a bounty of meats, poultry, fruits, vegetables, and dairy products while pioneering new farming techniques that would serve as a model for the region.” Guests at The Inn have the chance to spot our herd hard at work grazing the fields. 2. We farm a lot of land Biltmore Estate spans 8,000 acres in the Blue Ridge Mountains near Asheville, NC. 2,500 acres are devoted to farmland, vineyards, pastures, cropland, and greenhouses. 75 acres are dedicated to vineyards producing award-winning wines. 6,000 acres are managed forests. One way we continue our farming legacy is by raising some of the same heritage breeds that George Vanderbilt favored like these Berkshire hogs. 3. We raise diverse livestock 500–700 Black Angus cattle roam the grounds. 20 are bulls. About 125 calves are born each spring and fall to 300 mama cows. 120–200 Berkshire hogs contribute to the estate’s sustainable agriculture program. There are 150–200 Dorper sheep on the property. 41 goats maintain our grounds as grazers. 500 chickens supply 1,200 fresh eggs weekly. 2 Jersey cows and their calves are direct descendants of George’s original prized dairy herd. Biltmore Dairy was the most successful enterprise on the estate, providing a financial cushion that paved the way for future innovation. Our tomato plants mature in roughly 68 days, providing the freshest ingredients for many guests’ favorite dishes. 4. We mean it when we say farm-to-table Our farm-to-table philosophy is more than a trend—it’s a way of life. 6 estate restaurants showcase the bounty of our endeavors with menus that feature meat and produce raised and harvested on-site. Biltmore® Grown ingredients are sourced directly from our fields, gardens, and greenhouses. 100% of hamburgers served on the estate are estate-raised meats. Bistro’s dry-aged beef ribeye and tenderloin is aged for 35 days or more. 8,000 square feet of controlled hydroponics space is dedicated exclusively to growing various artisan lettuces, specialty greens, herbs, edible flowers, and heirloom tomatoes. Each week about 1,000 heads of lettuce is harvested for our restaurants. Our “buy local” program boosts small-scale farming and reduces carbon footprints by partnering with local farmers and food producers to source the highest quality ingredients for our restaurants. You can find an assortment of farm fresh products, ready to be enjoyed, at the Farmyard and in estate shops. 5. We have many specialty products Our diverse portfolio of Biltmore wines at the Winery are handcrafted from grapes grown on the estate. Honey is harvested from 100 beehives on the estate, tended by Eddie Buchanan, a fifth-generation beekeeper. Sunflower oil is pressed from some of the nearly 150,000 sunflowers grown on the estate. Our goats are more than grazers, they provide us with the milk needed to create handmade soaps. 30,000 pounds of white corn are harvested to produce grits and cornmeal and an even larger volume of corn silage is used to feed our cattle during the winter. 400 bushels of barley are malted and used in Cedric’s ale. Near the Winery, 9 acres of more than 7,000 solar panels helps offset estate energy usage. 6. We practice sustainable agriculture Rotational grazing of livestock maintains our soil health and prevents erosion. A 4-year cycle of crop rotation enhances soil fertility and reduces synthetic fertilizer use. Our state-of-the-art composting facility transforms up to 1.7 million pounds of organic waste annually. Milkweed is planted to support pollinator populations, to foster biodiversity and ecological resilience. Biltmore is a certified Monarch Butterfly Waystation. We partner with Widget Co., a parent company of Cork Club to recycle used corks as part of our sustainability mission. Each historical structure on the estate tells a story of innovation and craftsmanship. 7. We are a national historic landmark 52 historic farm buildings, including barns, stables, dairy facilities, and icehouses, contribute to our National Historic Landmark status. 33 farm buildings are considered Non-Contributing, but all reflect the era in which they were built and the agricultural practices that sustained Biltmore throughout history. 17 of these 33 farm buildings are over 50 years old and may qualify as contributing buildings in the future. The Farmyard at Antler Hill Village offers hands-on experiences your whole family will enjoy. 8. We value educational opportunities “Guests visiting the estate can take a deeper look into our agricultural history at Antler Hill Barn, where you can watch demonstrations, meet friendly farm animals, and participate in hands-on activities at the Farmyard in Antler Hill Village,” Kyle Mayberry said. “Our Farm to Table Tour & Taste offers visitors a unique look into the rarely-seen west side of the estate’s farming practices, from vineyard management and animal husbandry to composting and greenhouse cultivation.” By sharing our agricultural expertise and resources, we hope to encourage a deeper appreciation for the connection between food, land, and community.
More than a Hostess: Honoring Edith Vanderbilt Posted on February 21, 2020 at 4:02 pm.Written by Amy Dangelico At the age of 25, Edith Vanderbilt married the nation’s most eligible bachelor and assumed her role as lady of America’s Largest Home®, responsible for ensuring the comfort and entertainment of Biltmore’s many guests. And yet, she was so much more than a hostess. Let’s take a look at some of Edith Vanderbilt’s most incredible efforts and achievements. Students of the Biltmore School of Domestic Science, ca. 1901 Biltmore School of Domestic Science In 1901, Edith Vanderbilt established the Biltmore School of Domestic Science, which trained young Black women in professional housekeeping. The intention behind this initiative was two-fold: to help satisfy the increasing demand for efficient domestic service in the area at the time, and—more importantly to Edith—to help women with socio-economic challenges to become gainfully employed. Coursework covered the duties of a maid, waitress, laundress, cook, and housekeeper; if a student showed a preference for a special line of work, she was given the necessary training to develop that skillset. Additionally, the school created a network to increase its graduates’ prospects of finding work: “The graduating classes form a society for houseworkers. The purpose of this society is mutual help, by raising the respect of the general public for such work and workers…Any positions that are vacant if in good families will be reported, and an effort be made to fill them from among the members of the society.” – The Home Science Magazine, Volume XX, October 1903–March 1904 Archival list of 1906 Biltmore Estate Exhibition prize winners and first and second prize ribbons Biltmore Estate Exhibition In order to nurture a sense of community among estate employees and their families, Edith organized the Biltmore Estate Exhibition, also referred to as the annual fair, in 1905. She distributed seeds as needed to all of the employees to ensure everyone could participate in the competitions. Some of the initial categories included vegetables and herbs, field crops, domestic products such as breads and preserves, needlework, and baskets. Categories later expanded to include flowers, hogs, and poultry as well as a miscellaneous category to include eggs, honey, and various other items. Prizes included ribbons and a variety of garden books. Though Edith was in London during the 1907 event, estate superintendent Chauncey Beadle wrote to her: “Not another day shall pass without a full report to you of the Exhibition, which was celebrated in the grove above the Farm Cottages yesterday afternoon with the most auspicious weather that it was possible to have. The attendance and exhibits were very satisfactory, and, I believe all who participated enjoyed the day, the social intercourse and objects which were displayed.” Thanks to oral histories, we know that the fairs continued into the 1940s. Students of the Biltmore Dairy Moonlight School, ca. 1920s (Photo courtesy of the McCarson Family) Biltmore Dairy Moonlight School In 1914, Edith founded the Biltmore Dairy Moonlight School to teach illiterate estate workers how to read and write. Her larger intention was to attack the underlying causes of economic inequality and disenfranchisement. Classes were taught by Columbia University interns and graduates, who were receiving arguably the best teacher training in the nation at the time. Edith Vanderbilt personally selected the textbook used at the school and even taught a class from time to time: “It is an interesting picture: one of the world’s richest women… teaching dairy workers how to read and write in a horse barn in the mountains of North Carolina.” – “Aristocracy and Appalachia: Edith Vanderbilt and Her Moonlight School” (2011) by Wilkie L. Whitney While Biltmore’s was certainly not the first moonlight school, the model Edith pioneered was so effective, it inspired the foundation of many similar programs across North Carolina—all with the support of Edith as their most vocal advocate. Edith Vanderbilt (second from right) and her fellow Red Cross volunteers, ca. 1917–1919 (Photo courtesy of the Library of Congress: American National Red Cross Collection) Red Cross Efforts during the Great War When the United States became involved in the first World War, Edith Vanderbilt was splitting her time between Biltmore and Washington, DC—but no matter where she was, she always found ways to support the Red Cross during this turbulent time. While in Asheville, she sponsored a golf tournament to raise funds for the Red Cross. “The trophy was the gift of Mrs. Edith Vanderbilt, the rules providing that all entrance fees went to the Red Cross, and that no trophies should be given unless donated.“ – “Carolina Mountains Having Great Season,” The Times Dispatch, 19 August 1917 While in Washington, DC, she volunteered with the Red Cross as part of a Canteen Unit, which provided hot coffee, light refreshments, and mail services to troops at railroad junctions. True to form, Edith was recognized for going above and beyond at her Canteen’s encampment: “Mrs. George Vanderbilt is quite wonderful, so cool and collected and executive. She took her motor and went off shopping, bought some extra equipment, a table for the tent to hold the telephone, some camp chairs, a rake to rake up the trash, a pump to pump the water into the cauldron, a mail bag, stamps, wire baskets; besides, she organized the post-office.” – Presidents and Pies: Life in Washington 1897–1919 (1920) by Isabel Anderson Edith Vanderbilt arriving at the first State Fair during her tenure as president, ca. 1921 First Female President of the North Carolina Agricultural Society In 1920, Edith Vanderbilt was elected the first female president of the North Carolina Agricultural Society as well as the 60th State Fair. Her first address in the role was one for the books. “Anti-suffragists who have feared woman’s entrance into politics found themselves happy today when Mrs. Edith Vanderbilt made about the smartest 15-minute speech to a joint session of the general assembly heard within the historic walls of the state house in a long time…explaining in the outset that it would be like the modern skirt, to the extent that its length would cover the subject and its brevity attract attention. She was right.” – “Woman Makes First Address to Legislature,” The Charlotte Observer, 3 February 1921 Under her leadership, the State Fair focused more on agriculture as opposed to sideshows. Edith traveled and wrote widely to promote the event and help attract exhibitors. She also led initiatives to improve the fairgrounds. She would ultimately be re-elected to lead the 1922, 1923, and 1924 fairs, and then continued to serve on the executive committee following her tenure as president. Edith Vanderbilt (center) and her daughter Cornelia (left of center) greet guests arriving in Biltmore Village, ca. 1924 More than a Hostess Beyond her duties as wife, mother, and lady of the house, Edith Vanderbilt felt a great responsibility towards her community. She was passionate about education, agriculture, and literacy. She was active in civic affairs at the local, state, and national level. Perhaps most impressive, she used her privilege to support those in need and the causes in which she so strongly believed. Cheers to this extraordinary woman! Feature image: Edith Vanderbilt gathering letters from soldiers while volunteering for the Red Cross, ca. 1918 (Photo courtesy of the Library of Congress: American National Red Cross Collection)
Biltmore Dairy: An Udderly Fascinating History Posted on May 14, 2019 at 12:00 am.Written by Kristina Smith George Vanderbilt established Biltmore Dairy operations at his estate in Asheville, North Carolina for three main reasons: to supply dairy products to Biltmore House, to provide an example to others on how to run a successful farm, and to generate income through commercial product sales. Imagine having a Vanderbilt for your milkman—flavoring your coffee with cream from the dairy of a multi-millionaire. It is enough to make one smack his lips and imagine the product is richer than that of ordinary dairymen.– “A Millionaire Farmer,” St. Louis Globe Democrat, 1894 Biltmore Dairy delivery wagon, ca. 1900 Beyond the dairy, original agricultural operations included sheep, hog, and poultry farms, and a substantial market garden for produce. All of these endeavors, collectively named Biltmore Farms, contributed to George Vanderbilt’s ability to fulfill the estate’s mission of self-sufficiency. However, Biltmore Dairy was the most successful of all of Biltmore’s enterprises, providing the estate with a financial cushion that would see it through George Vanderbilt’s death, two world wars, the Great Depression, and beyond. Cow stalls in the main dairy barn, ca. 1930 The Legacy of Biltmore Dairy Much of this success was thanks to the Vanderbilts’ prized herd of Jersey cows. Of all major dairy breeds, Jerseys produce the richest milk—high in butterfat, protein, and calcium. They also produce a higher volume of milk per each pound of body weight than other type of cattle. The Biltmore Dairy Farms herd, believed to be the largest herd of registered Jerseys in the world, is unquestionably one of the finest and best known.– “Souvenir Edition Annual Meeting of the American Jersey Cattle Club,” June 3, 1942 Biltmore Dairy workers, ca. 1910 To ensure that the herd maintained excellent health, staff included a full-time veterinarian and a dairy bacteriologist. Dairy workers kept detailed records on the herd and conducted regular inspections to ensure their living conditions were of the highest quality. The herd was primarily housed in the estate’s Main Dairy Barn—what is now Biltmore’s Winery. Just down the road was the Creamery, where cream was separated from the milk. Milk was then bottled and sold, while the cream was made into butter, buttermilk, cottage cheese, and, of course, ice cream. Biltmore’s Dairy Barn (what is now the Winery), May 30, 1913 (Courtesy of Alice Marie Lewis) The Tasty History of Biltmore Ice Cream Biltmore’s ice cream played a leading role at estate gatherings, including Cornelia Vanderbilt’s birthday parties, Christmas celebrations, and May Day festivities. Almost every oral history interview in our archives that mentions a childhood memory on the estate also includes a reference to ice cream. After Biltmore House opened to the public in 1930, guests could view the milking rooms and processing areas in the Dairy Barn, sample the milk, and buy ice cream. Biltmore Dairy was so successful, and its products were so well-known that it became an attraction in its own right for estate visitors. Biltmore Dairy milkmen and delivery trucks, ca. 1935-1940 It was around this time that the dairy’s delivery wagons were replaced with trucks and the fleet grew from 30 vehicles to over 400 in just 15 years. Salesmen were now able to market the products as far away as Charlotte, which at the time was a windy, wooded five-hour drive. Unfortunately, the market shifted. With the advent of chain grocery stores came a cheaper, more efficient way to purchase milk, eventually making door-to-door dairy delivery obsolete. Biltmore Dairy and other smaller, family-run businesses were unable to compete with expansive commercial operations. In April of 1985, Biltmore Dairy was sold to Pet, Inc. Enjoy our vanilla ice cream, based on a delicious original Biltmore Dairy recipe. Enjoy Biltmore Ice Cream Today Today, Biltmore continues to draw inspiration from Biltmore Dairy. Biltmore Dairy Bar® in the Stable Courtyard was named in honor of our agricultural heritage. Additionally, vanilla ice cream based on a delicious original Biltmore Dairy recipe is offered at both Biltmore Dairy Bar® and at the Creamery in Antler Hill Village.
New Life for an Old House Posted on November 6, 2015 at 12:00 am.Written by Coleman Minter Once an old farmhouse on Biltmore’s West Side, Jones House is now the restored club house for the Biltmore Sporting Clays Club. This remarkable transformation continues to be a contributing building to our national historic landmark designation since May of 1963. Jones House is only one of two homes remaining on the estate from the pre-Vanderbilt era. Reviving the past Biltmore’s Engineering Services team worked hand in hand with architects, the State Historic Preservation Office, and various contractors to adapt Jones House into the Sporting Clays Clubhouse, while preserving portions and features of the building that convey its historical, cultural, and architectural value. This project was completed in December of 2014 and received the 2015 Griffin Award from The Preservation Society of Asheville and Buncombe County in the Adaptive Re-Use category. Jones House was named for the farming family that lived there from 1965–1983. Retaining authentic details Brent Merrell, Director of Engineering Services, reflected on the challenges and rewards of the restoration process. He noted, “I thought I knew a lot about restorations until I got involved. Staying true to the heritage of the house proved to be a large task as the structure had deteriorated during the years it sat vacant—the front left corner of the house was 9 inches higher than the back right corner!” The Jones House was built somewhere between 1879 and 1889, likely by Merritt Roberts, a farmer who sold the land to George Vanderbilt’s agent in 1901. This 1,700 square-foot house was originally designed as a one-story home with a gable roof. Two extensions were later added. Today, the home of the Sporting Clays Club houses a lounge area, retail section, bar, bathrooms, and an upstairs classroom. “We tried to keep as much of the original material as possible, so we removed exterior siding, walls, and the whole floor, and we put them all back down,” said Brent. Details like the original windows were also preserved rather than replaced. A nine-pane window upstairs at the front of the house wasn’t centered originally, so the workers removed the wall that held the window pane and replaced it exactly as it was, offset to the left. Continued preservation efforts The first woolly residents of the Sheep Barn were Southdown sheep, one of which descended from a flock owned by the Prince of Wales. While not always visible to all visitors, the restoration of the Jones House and others, such as the recent restoration of the Sheep Barn, highlights our team’s dedication to conserving, preserving, and restoring historic structures throughout the estate. Designed by farm architect Edward Burnett, the Sheep Barn is currently the oldest structure dedicated to George Vanderbilt’s agricultural legacy. This two-year restoration project focused on preserving key architectural and operational features dating back to its construction in 1890. Originally named the Sheep Shed, it operated as a satellite sheep farm. By 1916, the barn ceased to be used to house sheep and instead was repurposed to shelter Jersey Cattle for the operations of Biltmore Dairy. Restoration began in earnest in 2022 to restore the Sheep Barn to its former glory. Following the original 1890 Burnett plans, numerous architectural elements were restored, such as doors, windows, dormers, and even the historic red and green exterior paint. For an in-depth look at our restoration efforts and the farming operations on the West Side, join us on The Farm to Table Tour & Taste. Thank you for supporting our ongoing preservation efforts during your next Biltmore visit.